Proper watering of the garden in summer and autumn

HomeDirectory of a summer residentProper watering of the garden in summer and autumn

Speaking about watering the garden, several irrigation systems are considered: the main ones include fine-jet, drip, furrow, as well as saturation of trees with moisture using near-stem bowls and rings.

Each of these methods of watering the garden is effective in its own way, and before choosing the most optimal one for your site, you need to get at least basic information about them.
Water is the basis of all life. Without it, the garden will not grow, bloom, bear fruit. The roots will stop developing, and in the fall the harvest will be poor. In addition, plants that have not received enough moisture in the summer do not tolerate frost well in winter, as their defenses are weakened. First of all, it is necessary to conserve the moisture already present in the soil, and irrigation will help with this.
You will learn about drip and other garden irrigation systems in this article.

Garden irrigation methods

The most common garden irrigation system is irrigation with stem bowls and rings. To do this, permanent holes are created around trees and shrubs as large as possible. In this case, when filled with water, they provide soil moisture to a depth of 40-50 cm. soil. The same place is not flooded with water when watering. Water is directed to the near-stem rings with the help of grooves that are arranged along the rows.
You can also water the garden with the help of overflows (platforms, pools). The garden is divided into small areas with the help of rollers, which are arranged between the trees. Each such platform or pool is filled with water.
But furrow irrigation is considered the best way to irrigate a garden, when a series of parallel furrows are drawn along the aisles, the depth of which is 20 cm. There should be a distance of about 1 m between the furrows. With this method of irrigation, the soil is moistened over the entire garden area.
This video demonstrates watering the garden in the main ways:

System of small-jet and drip irrigation of the garden (with video)

Another method of watering trees in the garden that deserves attention is fine spray irrigation. It is produced using a hose with a diameter of 2 cm or from a pipeline. In these devices, holes with a diameter of up to 4 mm are made at a distance of 0.8-1 m from one another. The hose is laid between the trees, and the water from it flows under the plantations. In this case, the holes in the upper part of the hose are made larger in diameter, and in the lower part – smaller.
The drip method of garden irrigation is recognized as the most economical, when a pipeline of pipes with a diameter of 20 mm is laid along the trees, on which droppers (devices for discharging water) are installed, one for each tree. Approximately 4-5 drops of water per minute flow out of them.
Water seeps into the soil and moistens the root without spreading over the surface. Drip irrigation requires a barrel with a hole to which the pipeline is connected.
See what drip irrigation looks like in this video:

Any irrigation system for a garden is the main way to provide plants with water. In summer, it is carried out before the shedding of the June ovary, and then, if necessary, 2-3 weeks before the crop ripens. This is done not only so that the garden will please us with fruits, but also in order to increase the thermal conductivity, heat capacity of the soil and reduce the depth of freezing.
The volume of watering depends on the moisture capacity of the soil and on the degree of its drying. Soil moisture is determined quite simply. From a depth of 40-50 cm, you need to take some earth and squeeze it into a lump, and then drop it from chest level. If the lump crumbles when it hits the ground, then there is not enough moisture and watering is necessary.

Approximate garden watering rates

There are approximate norms for watering the garden, depending on the type of soil. If the soil is loamy, then 4-4.5 buckets of water are needed per 1 m2, if light loamy – 5-5.5 buckets, if heavy loamy and clay soil – 6-7 buckets.
For one watering, about 60-70 liters of water should be poured onto the near-stem circle. When watering, some gardeners recommend not counting buckets, but paying attention to the level of soil moisture in the near-stem circle. So, the soil must be soaked to a depth of 60 cm.
Sometimes gardeners choose a different watering option and spend it not in stages, but little by little, but throughout the summer. Here it is necessary to make a reservation that watering should not be too intense, as this will harm the garden. Due to excessive moisture, groundwater rises and salts from them enter the soil, causing salinization.
In advanced cases, waterlogging of the soil or its erosion occurs where the terrain is relief.

Watering the garden in autumn

Despite the fact that there is a lot of rainfall in autumn, under certain conditions the soil can still be parched. This happens in years when the Indian summer drags on and there are many warm days in September. Even if it rains after that, the soil no longer has time to moisten to the desired depth, so artificial irrigation is required.
Why is it necessary to water the garden in the fall and how to do it correctly? After the entire crop is harvested, a period of rapid root growth begins at the plantings. If there is not enough moisture, growth will be slow. Plants without water will not be able to accumulate enough organic nitrogen, and this, in turn, will affect both the growth of trees in the spring and their yield.
In addition, dry soil freezes deeper than wet soil, and the tree crown and root system can suffer from this. If, after watering is scarce, the roots begin to stretch upward and suffer from this in winter.
According to the rules for watering the garden in the fall, you should not irrigate it often. From this, only the top layer of the soil is waterlogged, which prevents normal air exchange. The earth should be moistened in trees to a depth of 80-100 cm, and in shrubs – by 40-60 cm.
Many beginner gardeners make a common mistake. They leave a hose with water for a long time under the trunk of a tree, where water is not absorbed, since the roots here are large, lignified and not able to absorb water. Any plant absorbs moisture through small roots that are outside the crown or at its level. If the soil is fertile, these roots will be located near the trunk, and if the soil is poor, they will go further, beyond the crown.
In order for watering to be effective, it is necessary to dig up the soil around the tree, otherwise some of the water will not penetrate the soil and evaporate. Plants receive only the water that lingers between lumps of earth. To increase the moisture capacity of the soil, it is also useful to add organic matter and sand to it.
There are plants that need abundant watering in the fall more than others. These are the trees that fruited abundantly, young trees, as well as shrubs – raspberries, currants. If they are not provided with the necessary amount of moisture in the fall, the flower buds may die, and if severe frosts set in, the inhabitants of the garden will lose some of the nutrients accumulated over the summer.
Plants with overwintering leaves are especially affected in winter without water. This is because the leaves, even for the winter period, do not stop evaporating water, and the roots are no longer able to supply this moisture.
Having familiarized yourself with the recommendations for the proper watering of the garden outlined above, you need to consider that you should not overdo it with watering. If the soil is waterlogged, the roots of garden plants experience oxygen starvation, and this trouble is even worse than a lack of moisture. The last watering can be done in mid-October.
Watering and irrigation require moderation, then in winter the garden will not freeze and will be able to withstand even severe frosts.

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