Plants for landscape design can be divided into three large groups. All of them occupy a certain place in the creation of compositions, the main thing is to take into account their height and flowering time so that the mixborder or rockery does not lose its decorative effect throughout the season. The first group includes herbaceous landscape plants that are planted near water bodies and along the edges of flower beds. Tall landscape flowers serve as accents in creating compositions, they are often given a central place. Low-growing flowers for landscape design are located on the second tier after ornamental grasses.
Below you can find the names of plants for landscape design, see photos of landscape flowers and read their description.
Flowering herbs for landscape design
loosestrife (LYSIMACHIA). Primrose family.
Tall or creeping flowering herbs from the humid grasslands of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The stems are densely leafy, the flowers are pale yellow or yellow in a racemose, sometimes solitary in the axils of the leaves.
Types and varieties:
Monetary loosestrife , or meadow tea (L. nummularia) , – undersized (5 cm), with creeping shoots and single axillary flowers.
Lily of the valley loosestrife (L. clethroides) – with a final raceme of white flowers, 80 cm high.
Spotted loosestrife (L. punctata) – forms a thicket of high (80 cm) shoots with yellow flowers.
The variety “Alexander” has leaves with a white border.
Common loosestrife (L. vulgare) is a meadow plant, up to 120 cm high.
Growing conditions. In sunny or semi-shaded areas with moist clay soils.
Reproduction. The division of the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density – 7-12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Planted near water bodies, in mixborders, flower beds such as “natural garden”. Planting density – 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Khatma, Lavatera (LAVATERA). Malvaceae family.
Lavatera thuringian, dog rose (L. thuringiaca) – rhizomatous flowering herbs with lobed leaves covered with hairs, grows in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Powerful strongly branched shrub up to 150 cm tall. The flowers are large (up to 10 cm), pink, solitary in the axils of the leaves, racemose inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with any soil. Drought-resistant.
Reproduction. Seeds, sowing in spring. Seedlings are planted immediately in place, as they do not tolerate transplantation well. Planting density – 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Used in the background of mixborders and in group plantings. Interesting in flower beds such as “natural garden”.
Dubrovnik (TEUCRIUM). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).
Dubrovnik ordinary (T. chamaedrys) – undersized (20-30 cm) herbaceous perennials from the rocks of the Mediterranean. The leaves are oval, dense, with a jagged edge, wintering, very decorative, bluish-green. The flowers are large pink in the final racemose inflorescence. The flowering of these herbs is long, usually at the end of summer.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained neutral soil. Drought tolerant.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), cuttings (summer). Planting density – 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Used in rockeries, borders, in the foreground of mixborders.
Penstemon (PENSTEMON). Norichnikov family.
Large genus (250 species) of perennial and annual grasses from meadows, rocks and prairies of North America. In the gardens of central Russia, mainly rhizomatous semishrubs are grown. The bush is dense, from shoots leafy with simple leaves; racemose inflorescences, terminal, tubular small flowers. The following species are stable, but they are also minors (they live 3-5 years).
Kinds:
Alpine penstemon (P. alpinus) – 60 cm high, blue flowers.
Stiff-haired penstemon (P. hirsutus) – 40-50 cm high, pale lilac flowers.
Oak penstemon (P. nemorosus) – 60 cm high, purple flowers.
Bearded penstemon (P. barbatus) – 60-80 cm high, coral-red flowers,
Penstemon finger (P. digitalis) – up to 100 cm high, lilac-pink flowers.
Varieties:
Garnet
“Coccineus”.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose garden soils (not rich), without stagnant moisture.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), seedlings bloom in the 1-2nd year; dividing the bush (spring or late summer). Forms self-seeding. All penstemons reproduce easily, but are unstable and fall out quickly. Planting density -12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Used in mixed flower beds, undersized species – in rockeries, for cutting.
Helon (CHELONE). Norichnikov family.
Perennial short-rhizome herbs in wet meadows of eastern North America. They form dense bushes 30-80 cm high. Flowers in leaf axils, in dense whorls.
In a culture in central Russia, chelon grows normally, but in years with severe winters it may die.
Species and varieties. Three types are cultivated:
Helon naked (C. glabra).
Helon Lion (C. lyonii).
Helon oblique (C. obliqua).
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich moist soils, near water bodies.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density – 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Low growing plants for landscape design
Tunic (TUNICA). Carnation family.
Tunic saxifrage (T. saxifraga) – low-growing carpet perennials (up to 30 cm high) from the rocks of the Mediterranean with numerous rising stems.
Pay attention to the photo of these landscape plants – the tunic has linear, sharp leaves; semi-umbrella inflorescence of small white or pink flowers (diameter 1 cm).
Decorative all summer. Sort “Rosette” – pink flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with loose sandy soils, neutral or alkaline. Does not tolerate excess moisture.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring and at the end
Aubrieta (AUBRIETA). Cabbage (cruciferous) family.
Plants of the Mediterranean. Graceful bushes with wintering, rounded, pubescent, silvery leaves and a mass of bright, small flowers that bloom in April-May. Inflorescences racemose. Bloom
plentiful, prolonged.
Species and varieties. Mostly hybrid forms are cultivated:
Aubrieta cultural (A. x cultorum) , the main component of which was the deltoid aubrieta (A. deltoidea).
Magnificent varieties with white-edged leaves:
“Argenteovariegata”
Blue flowers – “Blue Emperor”, “Cascade Blue”
Red “Cascade Red”, “Red Carpet” , etc.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with garden neutral, well-drained soils.
Reproduction. Seeds (before winter), seedlings bloom in the 2nd year.
By dividing the bush (at the end of summer) and cuttings (side shoots) after the end of flowering. Planting is renewed every 3-4 years. In severe winters it is damaged by frost. Planting density – 20-25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Cymbalaria (CYMBALARIA). Norichnikov family.
Graceful low plants with small rounded leaves. The flowers are light or lilac, bloom all summer.
Types and varieties:
Cimbalaria liverwort (C. hepaticifolia)
Cymbalaria wall (C. muralis) – plants of wet rocks of Southern Europe.
In central Russia, they grow normally, but they do not tolerate dry years well.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with clay, poor, moist soils. Needs constant watering.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (spring and late summer), cuttings (after the end of flowering – in August). Planting density – 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
As you can see in the photo, these plants for landscape design are planted at the bottom of rockeries, where water flows, near ponds and along paths.
Sizirinchium (SISYRINCHIUM). Iris family.
Plants of the temperate zone of North America, sizirhynchiums are very similar to miniature irises. From a short, thick, branched rhizome, bunches of narrow, xiphoid leaves depart. The flowers are small, star-shaped, in bunches, slightly raised above the leaves.
Types and varieties:
Sizirhynchium narrow-leaved (S. angustifolium) – 30 cm high, purple flowers, US meadows, blooms earlier than other species (early June).
Sizirinhium Californian (S. caLifornicum = S. brachypus) – 15 cm high, yellow flowers, blooms in July-August.
Sizirinhium striped (S. striatum) – 50 cm high, fawn flowers in spike-shaped inflorescence, blooms in July.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas or partial shade with loose rich alkaline soils. It is recommended to mulch for the winter.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), seedlings bloom for 2-3 years; dividing the bush (spring or late summer). Plants are unstable in central Russia, so they are often restored.
Planting density -20 pcs. per 1 m2.
Stachys, a cleaner (STACHYS). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).
Woolly Chistets (S. Lanata \u003d S. bysantina \u003d S. oLympica) is a perennial from the rocky places of the Caucasus, Turkey. The long rhizome contributes to the rapid formation of thickets of very beautiful thick, oblong, silvery, pubescent leaves and non-decorative peduncles (20-40 cm high).
Varieties:
“Silver Carpet” – does not form flower stalks.
Silver Queen .
‘Cotton Boll’ – yellowish leaves in spring.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with normal garden soils, good drainage.
reproduction. The division of the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density – 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Hawktail (HIERACIUM).
Types and varieties:
Orange-red hawk (H. aurantiacum) – forms a thicket.
Woolly hawk (H. lanatum) – rock plant, low bushes.
Hairy hawk (H. villosum) – hairy bluish-green leaves, bushes 15-20 cm high, yellow flowers.
Red hawk (H. x rubrum) – a hybrid, forms a low (10-20 cm) thicket of rosettes with hairy leaves, orange-red flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with poor dry soils.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring) and rooted stem cuttings (in summer). Planting density – 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Endymion (ENDIMYON = HYACINTHOIDES). Hyacinth family (lily).
Low bulbous plant. There are only two known species that are very similar to each other. Leaves basal, 20-30 cm long, bulbs white, ovate. Flowers are bell-shaped, 4-10 in racemes. Blooms in late spring.
Kinds. Often endymion species are assigned to the genus Hyacinthoides:
Spanish endymion (E. hispanicus).
Endymion undescribed (E. nonscriptus) – with more tubular flowers.
Varieties:
“Blue Queen”
“Excelsior” – blue flowers.
“La Grandesse” – white flowers.
“Queen of the Pinks” – pink flowers, etc.
Growing conditions. Typical ephemeroids from light forests, prefers sunny or semi-shaded areas with rocky, well-drained soil. They do not need frequent transplants.
Reproduction. Baby bulbs (over the summer they form up to 5), planting at the end of August, and seeds (freshly harvested), seedlings bloom in the 3-4th year, self-sowing is possible. Planting density – 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Planted with other spring-flowering bulbs or on the lawn, interesting in rockeries.
tall landscape flowers
Chrysanthemum (CHRYSANTHEMUM). Aster family (composite).
Garden chrysanthemum (Ch. x hortorum \u003d Dendranthema x hortorum) – in central Russia, only varieties united under the name “Korean chrysanthemum” can winter.
The bred tall varieties are the result of the breeding work of A. Cumming (USA), bred by him in 1917 when working with seeds of Siberian chrysanthemums (dendrantems). Currently, hundreds of varieties of this plant are grown. They differ in late summer and autumn flowering, stability. Their bush is dense, spherical, 25-100 cm high. Flowering is plentiful, long.
Korean chrysanthemum is one of the most beautiful autumn plants.
Of the hundreds of varieties for central Russia, the most interesting varieties of early flowering:
“Malchish-Kibalchish”
“Mascot”
“Radiant”
“Kupava”
“Lada”
“Edelweiss”
“Hebe”
“Citrus” and other undersized varieties.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich, well-drained, lime-rich soils.
Regular feeding and watering is required. For the winter, cut and cover with spruce branches.
Reproduction. Although the plant may overwinter, young plants obtained from cuttings bloom most profusely. Therefore, the uterine bush is dug up in the fall, stored in a cool room, and in February they are brought out into the light. The regrown shoots are cut and in late May – early June they are planted in place in a flower garden. It is these bushes that bloom for a long time and profusely. Planting density – 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Sidalcea (SIDALCEA). Malvaceae family.
Sidalcea malviflora (S. malviflora) is a tall young plant with a rosette of large rounded leaves in a basal rosette.
Look at the photo: these flowers for landscape design have powerful peduncles (80-100 cm high) and a brush of large cup-shaped flowers (6-8 cm in diameter) with delicate petals.
Interesting varieties:
Elsie Heugh
“Rosy Gem”
“Brilliant” – pink.
“William Smith” – salmon.
“Rose Queen” – 120 cm high.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with garden medium-moist soils. If, after the end of the first flowering, the sidals are cut off, in the fall it blooms a second time.
reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density – 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Gravity (GEUM). Rosaceae family.
Undemanding, tall perennials that form fast-growing clumps of dense, pubescent overwintering leaves. Above them at the end of spring and very often again at the end of summer, slender, up to 60 cm high flower stalks rise, bearing bright red or orange flowers.
Types and varieties:
Chilean gravel (G. chiloense).
Bright red gravel (G. coccineum) – very similar, they are often confused.
Gravilat hybrid (G. x hybridum) – hybrids from these species.
Growing conditions. Sites in the sun and in partial shade with dense moist soils.
reproduction. By dividing the bush (throughout the season) and seeds (sowing in spring). Planting density – 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Malva, mallow (MALVA). Malvaceae family.
About 120 species of this genus grow in the warm regions of the Mediterranean and Asia. Perennials – high (up to 200 cm) bushes with straight branched stems, leafy pubescent lobed leaves and large flowers in the axils of the leaves, notched petals.
Types and varieties:
Mallow hybrid (M. x hybrida) – double flowers.
Mallow stock rose (M. alcea).
Musk mallow (M. moschata) – height up to 100 cm, stem leaves deeply divided.
Growing conditions. Sunny places or partial shade (on the east side of the house), rich drained soils, moderate moisture.
Reproduction. Seed only (sowing in spring). Terry varieties are cuttings. The plant is a juvenile, therefore it is renewed every 2-3 years. Forms self-seeding. Planting density – 5 pcs. per 1 m2.